[历年考研英语中常见十五种“逻辑关系词(或称衔接词)”]

历年考研英语中常见的十五种“逻辑关系词（或称衔接词）”

　第一，

　表示因果（世界上最重要的一种关系就是因果关系）

　1.

　表示原因

　because （ of ）

　=be responsible for =

　as = since =for = therein = root =origin （ al ）

　=causality = due ∕ owing ∕ thanks ∕according

　to = be attributed∕contributed

　to （原因是）= now ∕ in

　that =seeing ∕ considering ∕ given

　（ that ）

　= on account of =on this account = on ground of ∕ that （强调主观理由）

　= out of = for the sake of =

　in （ the ）

　light of = in view of （ the fact that ）

　= by ∕ in virtue of = by reason of = as a result ∕ consequence of = in consequence of =arise from = put sth down to sth（把……归因于……）

　【注】

　put down ① 把„„归因于+ to sth

　 ② 把„„看作∕视为

　 put sth down as sth

　③

　使（当众）出丑，让某人丢人现眼

　④ 写下，记下 ⑤ 将„„提请（议会或委员会）审议

　to put down a motion∕amendment

　提交一项动议或修正案

　⑥ 登记，注册，列入名单 + for sth

　 例句：Put me down for three tickets for Saturday。

　2.

　表示结果

　①

　So = hence =therefore = therefor = thereby = thereof = thereout = therewithal = thereupon =

　thus = consequent(ly)= result （ ing ）

　=effect =consequence = in consequence = as a result ∕ consequence = result in =

　accordingly = give rise to = lead to = arouse = agitate =awaken = fire up = provoke = spark = spur = stimulate = stir （激起，引起，引发，激发）= trigger = activate = prompt = set in motion = set off

　= contribute∕ attribute

　to = bring about ∕on =present =it follows ∕ turns out that „

　②

　Or else = otherwise

　 否则，要不然

　【注】

　 or else 与 otherwise 既表示转折，又表示对比，还表示结果。

　第二，

　表示对比

　1.

　表示“相似性的”对比

　①

　Likewise = like =similar （ ly ）

　= akin = parallel （ with „）

　= analogous ∕ analogy = comparable = by ∕ in comparison （ with „）

　与„„相似的

　②

　Identical = same 完全相同的 = much as = as much 同„„一样

　be consistent with = consistently =

　be in agreement with = coincide

　with „

　= accord ∕agree

　with = match（意见、利益等）

　与„„一致的，相符的

　2.

　表示“差异性的”对比（这些词也 be 可以表示转折、强调）

　Unlike = by ∕ in contrast = in turn =

　in contrast to ∕ with = conversely =

　alternatively = on the contrary = contrary to = contrarily = on the other hand = otherwise = while = whereas = （ run ）

　counter to

　与„„相反的，但是，然而

　 3.

　暂时无法确定是“差异性”还是“相似性”的

　①

　比较级、最高级

　most important = dominant(ly)= largely

　 ②

　Of „ and „

　 第三，

　表示递进

　①

　besides =therewith = as well as = as well = and =

　also = too =

　in addition （ to ）

　= moreover = furthermore = apart ∕ aside from

　除„„之外还，此外，而且，加之（用于“包括的”特殊人或事物前）

　②

　that is （ to say ）

　= namely

　也就是说（有补充解释说明的作用）

　③

　to put it another way = put another way = in other words

　换句话说（有补充解释说明的作用）

　④

　simply put ∕ stated ∕ spoken

　简言之

　⑤

　or rather

　 或者更确切地说

　【注】

　 注意 besides 与 except 的区别。例如：① All of us passed besides John 。（约翰也及格了）；② All of us passed except John 。（约翰没有及格）

　except 用于“不包括”的特殊人或事物前

　第四，

　表示补充（解释、说明）

　① But = except （ for ）

　= apart ∕ aside from = other than

　除„„之外（都），常用于否定句中，用于“不包括”的特殊人

　或事物前。

　例如：① No one saw it but me 。

　② There is nobody here other than me 。

　 ②

　that is （ to say ）

　= namely

　也就是说（有补充解释说明的作用）

　 ③

　to put it another way = put another way = in other words

　换句话说（有补充解释说明的作用）

　④ 冒号、破折号

　第五，

　表示让步

　① Despite = in spite of = notwithstanding = regardless ∕ irrespective of = out of

　account （不予考虑）=

　in disregard of = for all （ that ）

　= although = though = as = while = even （if）= much as （用于句首）虽然 = granting ∕ granted that

　不管，不顾，尽管（有），虽然，即使

　②

　after all 毕竟

　③

　certainly = of

　course = indeed = it is true that „

　的确

　④

　undoubtedly = there is no doubt that „

　 毫无疑问的是„„

　⑤

　admittedly = we have to admit that „

　应该承认的是„„

　⑥

　it may be true that „

　 或许真实的是„„

　⑦

　there is no denying that „

　 不可否认的是„„

　⑧

　to be sure = although （ 常与 but 连用）可以肯定的是„

　⑨

　at least

　至少

　第六，

　表示转折

　①

　Instead （ of ）

　= rather than

　（是„„）而不是

　②

　But = yet = although = though = while = whereas = when = only = （ but ）

　rather = instead = still = nevertheless = nonetheless =

　much as（用于句首）

　尽管如此，然而，虽然，但是

　 ③

　Otherwise = or else

　否则，要不然

　④

　In effect ∕ fact ∕reality = indeed

　= virtually

　实际上，事实上，的确

　【注】

　although ， though ， while ， whereas ， to be sure ， in effect ∕ fact ， indeed 既表示让步，又表示转折。

　第七，

　表示条件

　①

　if = providing ∕ provided ∕ suppose ∕ supposing

　that

　如果，假如

　②

　in case of = in the event of

　 万一„„

　③

　failing

　 如果不能，如果没有

　④

　but for ∕ that

　 要不是， 若非（主句用虚拟语气）

　⑤

　unless

　除非

　⑥

　as long as = only if

　 只要

　⑦

　on condition that „

　条件是„„

　⑧

　if only

　但愿，要是„„就好了（常与虚拟语气连用）

　⑨ only if 必须在„„的条件下（引导条件状语从句）

　第八，

　表示目的

　①

　For fear of = lest 以免，以防

　②

　For the sake of „

　=

　in the

　desire to do sth

　为了„„

　③ in order to

　【注】

　for the sake of 既表示原因，又表示目的。

　第九，

　表示引出新对象

　① About = concerning = regarding = with regard to = as for ∕ to =

　in respect of

　关于

　② in terms of

　就„„而论，在„„方面

　③ when it comes to „

　当提到„„时

　④ as such

　就其本身而言；就„„的严格词义而言

　第十，

　表示强调

　①

　Above all

　=

　most

　important

　=

　valuable = dominant（ly）=largely =

　most leading = generally = mainly =

　chief = substantially=

　the first and more

　important

　= matter = signify = for the most part = most = a large proportion

　of

　具有重要性， 最重要的是

　②

　In effect ∕ fact ∕reality = indeed = virtually

　 事实上，

　实际上，的确，其实

　③

　In any case = anyway = at any rate

　 无论如何，总之

　④

　比较级、最高级

　⑤

　Noteworthy = Of note= Notable = noticeable =Striking= Remarkable= marked =

　express （明确的）

　= evident = distinctly =

　obvious = clear （ lee ）

　= dominant =apparent =crystal （显而易见的）

　= realizing （清晰生动的，明确无误的）

　= Worth mentioning= observable = spectacular = pronounced = dramatically = understandable= palpable= Important= Significant

　 显著的，值得注意的，明显的，显而易见的，清晰明了的

　⑥ reinforce = stress = strengthen = emphasize = build （sth）

　up

　加强，巩固，增加，强调

　⑦ always = invariably = continually = consistently

　 ⑧ considerably 相当地

　【注】

　in effect ∕ fact∕reality ， indeed 表示让步、转折、强调；比较级、最高级表示对比、强调。

　第十一，表示总结

　① On the whole = all in all =overall =

　in conclusion ∕ summary ∕ general = generally （ speaking ）= as a whole =mainly = substantially

　= to sum up

　= conclude = come to the conclusion

　 总的来说

　② in short ∕ brief = in a word

　 简而言之

　 ③ in any case = at any rate = anyway

　 总之，无论如何

　第十二，表示时间

　①

　Meanwhile = simultaneously

　= therewithal

　同时地 = coincide with„ 与„„同时发生

　crop

　【C】

　同时发生的事情；同时做某事的一群人，一批人 +

　of

　 如：the current crop of graduate trainees

　目前这一批毕业实习生

　②

　Preceding = previous （ ly ）

　= former = prior to

　先前的

　③

　Subsequent = following = in the wake of = upon = after = latter

　随后的

　④

　Lattermost

　最后的

　⑤

　Of late = lately = recent = latterly

　 最近

　⑥

　To late= as yet = hitherto = up to the present = up to that point =

　so far

　 迄今为止

　⑦

　Present （ ly ）

　= current （ ly ）

　=at present

　 当前的（地），现在

　⑧

　For the present

　 暂且，目前

　⑨ Around the clock

　 昼夜不停

　⑩

　No longer

　不再

　⑾ initial（ly）最初，开始 = at the beginning of

　 initiatory

　最初的

　⑿ for a while

　一会儿

　⒀ perpetual∕perpetuity∕forever ∕for good∕permanent ∕chronic（长期的）

　 长久，永远

　 【注】

　chronic

　① （尤指疾病）长期的，慢性的，连续复发的 = continually recurring

　 例如：the country’s

　chronic unemployment problem

　国家的长期失业问题

　 ②

　长期患病的，长期有某种习惯的

　例如：a chronic alcoholic 酗酒成性的人

　chronically

　 长期地，慢性地

　 反义词—intermittent = occasional（ly）= temporary

　 暂时的

　⒁ before long

　不久以后

　⒂ long before

　很久以前

　第十三，表示举例

　 ①

　Like = such as = for instance ∕ example = take ∕ consider ∕ think of ∕ remember „（ as an example ）

　= a good case in point is „ =from „ to „（ to „）

　=to illustrate = as an illustration

　②

　并列的 there be 句型

　③ let"s take a look at∕return to the example of„

　④ in the case of„

　 比如在„„

　第十四，表示并列

　 ① And ∕ also ∕ too=as well ∕ or = alternatively ∕ as well as( 不但，而且 ) ∕ along with （连同„„在一起）

　 ② 分号

　第十五，表示方式

　 ① As if∕though

　好像

　② as

　如„„

　③ just as

　正如„„